Pands Group

•PRODUCTS | Barite/Baryte

| Dolomite

| Silica Sand

| Limestone

| Zinc / Silver / Copper

| Iron ore

| Coal

LIMESTONE (CaCO₃)
General Information
Limestone is the most abundant of the non-clastic sedimentary rocks. Limestone is produced from the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate) and sediment. The main source of limestone is the limy ooze formed in the ocean. The calcium carbonate can be precipitated from ocean water or it can be formed from sea creatures that secrete lime such as algae and coral.

Chalk is another type of limestone that is made up of very small single-celled organisms. Chalk is usually white or gray in color.

Limestone can easily be dissolved by acids. If you drop vinegar on limestone it will fizz. Put a limestone rock into a plastic jar and cover it with vinegar. Cover the jar and watch the bubbling of the calcium carbonate and also the disintegration of the rock over a few days.

Limestones belong to the group of sedimentary rocks known as chemical sediments. They are formed in a marine environment from the precipitation of calcium carbonate, the calcium having been brought into the sea via the hydrological cycle.

Fossil shells are often found in limestones, and show that biological activity is very important too. Where CO2 concentration is low, calcite can be precipitated directly without any biological help, e.g. Bath Stone, which is an oolitic rock. The spherical ooids are though to have been precipitated as concentric layers built up around particles rolling around the sea floor. Pure limestone can be made up completely of calcite, but if other material is being laid down as well, such as sand, then the limestone will be impure.

Limestone is a SEDIMENTARY ROCK largely or wholly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Carbonate rocks, and in some cases marble, the metamorphosed near-equivalent of limestone, are important to the CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY as building stone and aggregate, and as the primary component of portland CEMENT and lime. Limestones are also used in glass manufacture, as fillers, abrasives and soil conditioners, and in the manufacture of various chemicals. Quicklime is formed by the process of calcination, in which limestones are heated to the dissociation temperature of the carbonates (402-898?C), and held there long enough to release carbon dioxide. Although the term "lime" in some cases is used to refer to pulverized limestone, it refers more correctly to quicklime (burned lime) and its products, slaked or hydrated limes (Ca[OH]2). Dolomitic quicklime (CaOMg0) is produced from dolomitic limestone.

Applications

Limestone is a occurring rock which can be used not only as a building material but also for making many other useful substances including lime, cement and glass.If limestone is powdered it can be used to neutralise the acidity in lakes caused by acid rain and to neutralise acidic soils.

Cement is produced by roasting powdered limestone with powdered clay in a rotary kiln. When cement is mixed with water, sand and crushed rock, a slow chemical reaction produces a hard, stone-like building material called concrete.
Glass is made by heating a mixture of limestone, sand and soda (sodium carbonate).

Mining and Productions

P&S Limestone Co., Ltd. is a major entrepreneur of limestone mining in Tak Province. We intend to develop our mine without affecting the environment. The method of mining is an open pit type. We have at least 10,000,000 tons of limestone in reserve, while we can produce a total of 600,000 tons per year. Our products can be applied in road construction, CPAC plants (under the Siam Cement Group), and lime

MINE LOCATION	ORE RESERVES (TONS) Year 2008	MINING CAPACITY (TONS/M)
	.

Tak	10,000,000	50,000
All Aggregates Size